Method and system for map-t border relay data plane verification

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for performing a Mapping of Address and Port using translation (MAP-T) data plane verification. A method for performing a MAP-T data plane verification includes initiating, by a diagnostic server provisioned with at least MAP-T diagnostic rules, a MAP-T diagnostic on a border relay provisioned with MAP-T rules, generating, by the diagnostic server, a diagnostic packet per the MAP-T diagnostic rules, sending, by the diagnostic server, the diagnostic packet to the border relay, performing, by the border relay, a translation on the diagnostic packet per the provisioned MAP-T rules, analyzing, by the diagnostic server to generate a report, at least a translation accuracy of a received translated diagnostic packet, and configuring at least one device based on a received report.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/986,450, filed on Aug. 6, 2020, of which is incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to network devices employed to transfer packetsbetween Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol Version6 (IPv6) domains. More specifically, this disclosure relates toverification of Mapping of Address and Port using translation (MAP-T)data plane functionality provisioned on the network devices, which canbe border relays or routers, for example.

BACKGROUND

Networking and internetworking communication protocols are relied uponto carry data through the networks. The Internet Protocol (IP) is theprincipal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite forrelaying and routing packets across the networks from a source to adestination. It describes the format of packets, the addressing scheme,and other specifications for network and computing devices tocommunicate over the network. Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is thefourth revision of the IP. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowingfor a total of 2{circumflex over ( )}32 IP addresses, where each IPaddress is a numerical label assigned to a device connected to thenetwork. The IP address is a unique identifier for a device and eachdevice needs its own IP address. The rapid development of the Internethas reached a point where most IPv4 addresses have already beendistributed. This rapid growth of Internet data traffic is requiringservice provider's to allocate more and more of their limited IPv4 IPaddress inventory to high speed data subscribers prior to completion ofthe service provider's migration to the expanded address space enabledwith Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), which is the sixth revision ofthe IP and uses a 128-bit address, theoretically allowing 2{circumflexover ( )}128 IP addresses.

IPv6 transition technology facilitates the transitioning of the Internetfrom the IPv4 infrastructure to the IPv6 networks since IPv4 and IPv6are not directly interoperable. Mapping of Address and Port (MAP) is anIPv6 transition technology that allows IPv4 addresses to be translated(Mapping of Address and Port using translation (MAP-T)) or encapsulated(Mapping of Address and Port using encapsulation (MAP-E)) into IPv6without the need for stateful translation on the service providernetwork. This enables service providers the ability to leverage IPv6only networks to co-exist with IPv4-only devices on the subscriber'snetwork in a manner that has minimal impact on the user experience.However, there are no mechanisms which verify that the MAP-T IPv6transition technology is correctly performing translations from IPv4 toIPv6 and from IPv6 to IPv4 at a MAP data plane level.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for Mapping of Address and Portusing translation (MAP-T) data plane verification.

In implementations, a method for performing a MAP-T data planeverification includes initiating, by a diagnostic server provisionedwith at least MAP-T diagnostic rules, a MAP-T diagnostic on a borderrelay provisioned with MAP-T rules, generating, by the diagnosticserver, a diagnostic packet per the MAP-T diagnostic rules, sending, bythe diagnostic server, the diagnostic packet to the border relay,performing, by the border relay, a translation on the diagnostic packetper the provisioned MAP-T rules, analyzing, by the diagnostic server togenerate a report, at least a translation accuracy of a receivedtranslated diagnostic packet, and configuring at least one device basedon a received report.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure is best understood from the following detaileddescription when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Itis emphasized that, according to common practice, the various featuresof the drawings are not to scale. On the contrary, the dimensions of thevarious features are arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network in accordance with embodimentsof this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example flow diagram of Mapping of Address andPort using translation (MAP-T) data plane verification for the networkof FIG. 1 in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example network in accordance with embodimentsof this disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example flow diagram of MAP-T data planeverification for the network of FIG. 3 in accordance with embodiments ofthis disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example of a device in accordance withembodiments of this disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an example method for MAP-T data planeverification in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in greater detail to embodiments of theinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals will be usedthroughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or likeparts.

As used herein, the terminology “computer”, “computing device”, or“computing platform” includes any unit, or combination of units, in adistributive platform, centralized platform, or combinations thereof,capable of performing any method, or any portion or portions thereof,disclosed herein. For example, the “computer” or “computing device” mayinclude at least one or more processor(s).

As used herein, the terminology “processor” indicates one or moreprocessors, such as one or more special purpose processors, one or moredigital signal processors, one or more microprocessors, one or morecontrollers, one or more microcontrollers, one or more applicationprocessors, one or more central processing units (CPU)s, one or moregraphics processing units (GPU)s, one or more digital signal processors(DSP)s, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC)s,one or more application specific standard products, one or more fieldprogrammable gate arrays, any other type or combination of integratedcircuits, one or more state machines, or any combination thereof.

As used herein, the terminology “memory” indicates any computer-usableor computer-readable medium or device that can tangibly contain, store,communicate, or transport any signal or information that may be used byor in connection with any processor. For example, a memory may be one ormore read-only memories (ROM), one or more random access memories (RAM),one or more registers, low power double data rate (LPDDR) memories, oneor more cache memories, one or more semiconductor memory devices, one ormore magnetic media, one or more optical media, one or moremagneto-optical media, or any combination thereof.

As used herein, the terminology “instructions” may include directions orexpressions for performing any method, or any portion or portionsthereof, disclosed herein, and may be realized in hardware, software, orany combination thereof. For example, instructions may be implemented asinformation, such as a computer program, stored in memory that may beexecuted by a processor to perform any of the respective methods,algorithms, aspects, or combinations thereof, as described herein.Instructions, or a portion thereof, may be implemented as a specialpurpose processor, or circuitry, that may include specialized hardwarefor carrying out any of the methods, algorithms, aspects, orcombinations thereof, as described herein. In some implementations,portions of the instructions may be distributed across multipleprocessors on a single device, on multiple devices, which maycommunicate directly or across a network such as a local area network, awide area network, the Internet, or a combination thereof.

As used herein, the term “application” refers generally to a unit ofexecutable software that implements or performs one or more functions,tasks or activities. For example, applications may perform one or morefunctions including, but not limited to, telephony, web browsers,e-commerce transactions, media players, travel scheduling andmanagement, smart home management, entertainment, and the like. The unitof executable software generally runs in a predetermined environmentand/or a processor.

As used herein, the terminology “determine” and “identify,” or anyvariations thereof includes selecting, ascertaining, computing, lookingup, receiving, determining, establishing, obtaining, or otherwiseidentifying or determining in any manner whatsoever using one or more ofthe devices and methods are shown and described herein.

As used herein, the terminology “example,” “the embodiment,”“implementation,” “aspect,” “feature,” or “element” indicates serving asan example, instance, or illustration. Unless expressly indicated, anyexample, embodiment, implementation, aspect, feature, or element isindependent of each other example, embodiment, implementation, aspect,feature, or element and may be used in combination with any otherexample, embodiment, implementation, aspect, feature, or element.

As used herein, the terminology “or” is intended to mean an inclusive“or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is unless specified otherwise,or clear from context, “X includes A or B” is intended to indicate anyof the natural inclusive permutations. That is if X includes A; Xincludes B; or X includes both A and B, then “X includes A or B” issatisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, thearticles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appendedclaims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to asingular form.

Further, for simplicity of explanation, although the figures anddescriptions herein may include sequences or series of steps or stages,elements of the methods disclosed herein may occur in various orders orconcurrently. Additionally, elements of the methods disclosed herein mayoccur with other elements not explicitly presented and described herein.Furthermore, not all elements of the methods described herein may berequired to implement a method in accordance with this disclosure.Although aspects, features, and elements are described herein inparticular combinations, each aspect, feature, or element may be usedindependently or in various combinations with or without other aspects,features, and elements.

Further, the figures and descriptions provided herein may be simplifiedto illustrate aspects of the described embodiments that are relevant fora clear understanding of the herein disclosed processes, machines,manufactures, and/or compositions of matter, while eliminating for thepurpose of clarity other aspects that may be found in typical similardevices, systems, compositions and methods. Those of ordinary skill maythus recognize that other elements and/or steps may be desirable ornecessary to implement the devices, systems, compositions and methodsdescribed herein. However, because such elements and steps are wellknown in the art, and because they do not facilitate a betterunderstanding of the disclosed embodiments, a discussion of suchelements and steps may not be provided herein. However, the presentdisclosure is deemed to inherently include all such elements,variations, and modifications to the described aspects that would beknown to those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art in light of thediscussion herein.

As noted, MAP-T is an IPv6 transition technology that allows IPv4addresses to be translated or encapsulated into IPv6 without the needfor stateful translation on the service provider network. This enablesservice providers the ability to leverage IPv6 only networks to co-existwith IPv4-only devices on the subscriber's network in a manner that hasminimal impact on the user experience.

MAP defines two modes of operation. The MAP-E mode uses encapsulationfor transport of IPv4 traffic in an IPv6 header and followsencapsulation rules defined in [RFC 2473]. The MAP-T mode uses thestateless IP/ICMP translation algorithm (SIIT) to convert IPv4 headersinto IPv6 headers and follows stateless translation rules defined in[RFC 6145].

MAP-E and MAP-T offer distinct advantages over other co-existencetechnologies, such as NAT444/NAT44 or Dual-Stack Lite. The primaryadvantage is that translation or de-encapsulation at the Border Relay(BR) is accomplished through stateless mappings between the IPv4 addressand the IPv6 prefix. The critical difference between the MAP methodologyand traditional translation technologies, such as NAT44, is that MAPassigns a port range to the CPEs that share the same public IPv4address. This allows the address and port range combination that istranslated or encapsulated in the IPv6 header to be representeduniquely. In this way, IPv6 aggregation logic can be used to directpackets in a stateless fashion, rather than a relying uponper-subscriber or per-connection criteria to determine state.

MAP-T provides additional advantages by providing a more flexibletopology for the MAP domain. Because traffic to and from the customerpremise can be forwarded in IPv6 natively, traffic classification androuting optimization policies configured for the IPv6-only network canbe easily enforced. MAP also provides a more scalable solution than thealternative technologies because factors such as port consumption andthe number of stateful translations at the CGN are reduced oreliminated.

Described herein are methods and systems for Mapping of Address and Portusing translation (MAP-T) data plane verification. In an implementation,the described techniques provide a mechanism for verifying or validatingthat a network device provisioned with or employing MAP-T to translatebetween Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol Version6 (IPv6) is working properly. That is, verification or validation isdone at the MAP-T data place level as opposed to being done at thecontrol plane or IP data plane.

In implementations, an operations, administration, and management (OAM)or diagnostics management server can send a MAP-T diagnostic packet to aMAP-T provisioned network device. The OAM server can act as both asource entity and a destination entity. That is, the MAP-T diagnosticpacket can have as a destination the IP address of the OAM server. TheMAP-T diagnostic packet can get looped back to the sender, can bereceived, and can be verified. The OAM server can send a MAP-Tdiagnostic packet with either an IPv4 or IPv6 prefix to the MAP-Tprovisioned network device to test MAP-T data plane functionality inboth directions. An operations support systems (OSS) or networkmanagement server can configure the MAP-T provisioned network device orother devices based on verification results received via the OAM server.The verification results can include, for example, latency, packet loss,and other like packet characteristics.

In implementations, a MAP-T provisioned network device can include ahardware component or circuit which can support a first type or set ofpackets and a MAP-T provisioned offload server component which cansupport a second type or set of packets. In these implementations,different MAP-T diagnostic packets can be configured to exercise bothcomponents and associated pathways.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network 1000 in accordance with someembodiments of this disclosure. The network 1000 includes a network1100, border relays 1200 including at least border relay₁ 1210 andborder relay₂ 1220, network 1300, cable modem termination system (CMTS)1400 including at least CMTS₁ 1410, CMTS₂ 1420, and CMTS₃ 1430, customerpremise equipment (CPE) including CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N) 1500,CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 1600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R) 1700,OSS server 1800, and OAM server 1900. The network 1100, the borderrelays 1200, the network 1300, the 1400, the CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N)1500, the CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 1600, the CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . ,CPE_(R) 1700, the OSS server 1800, and the OAM server 1900 can beconnected to or be in communication with (collectively “connected to”)each other, as appropriate and applicable, using wired and wirelesstechniques, systems, and devices, including but not limited to, hybridcoaxial fiber, coaxial fiber, the Internet, an intranet, a low power WAN(LPWAN), LANs, WANs, a public network, a private network, a cellularnetwork, a WiFi-based network, a telephone network, a landline network,a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a wireless network, a wirednetwork, a private branch exchange (PBX), an Integrated Services DigitalNetwork (ISDN), a IP Multimedia Services (IMS) network, a Voice overInternet Protocol (VoIP) network, and the like including anycombinations thereof. The network 1000 and the components therein mayinclude other elements which may be desirable or necessary to implementthe devices, systems, compositions and methods described herein.However, because such elements and steps are well known in the art, andbecause they do not facilitate a better understanding of the disclosedembodiments, a discussion of such elements and steps may not be providedherein.

The network 1100 can be, but is not limited to, hybrid coaxial fiber,coaxial fiber, the Internet, an intranet, a low power WAN (LPWAN), LANs,WANs, a public network, a private network, a cellular network, aWiFi-based network, a telephone network, a landline network, a publicswitched telephone network (PSTN), a wireless network, a wired network,a private branch exchange (PBX), an Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN), a IP Multimedia Services (IMS) network, a Voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP) network, and the like including any combinationsthereof. In implementations, the network 1100 can be an IPv4 basednetwork. In implementations, the network 1100 can be a combination of anIPv4 based network and an IPv6 based network, where packets coming outof the network 1100 and entering the network 1100 are IPv4 packets.

The border relays 1200 including at least border relay₁ 1210 and borderrelay₂ 1220 can be provisioned with MAP-T rules to translate andtransfer packets from an IPv4 domain to an IPv6 domain and from the IPv6domain to the IPv4 domain. Although the description herein uses borderrelays, the scope of the specification and claims are applicable tonetwork devices provisioned with MAP-T including, but not limited to,border relays, border routers, and like devices.

The network 1300 can be, but is not limited to, hybrid coaxial fiber,coaxial fiber, the Internet, an intranet, a low power WAN (LPWAN), LANs,WANs, a public network, a private network, a cellular network, aWiFi-based network, a telephone network, a landline network, a publicswitched telephone network (PSTN), a wireless network, a wired network,a private branch exchange (PBX), an Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN), a IP Multimedia Services (IMS) network, a Voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP) network, and the like including any combinationsthereof. The network 1300 can be an IPv4 based network, IPv6 basednetwork, other networks, or combinations thereof.

The CMTS 1410, 1430, and 1430 are typically located in a serviceprovider's central office, headend, or hubsite and provides high speeddata services, such as cable Internet or Voice over Internet Protocol,to service provider subscribers.

The CPEs 1500, 1600, and 1700, can be, but are not limited to, routers,network switches, gateways, set-top boxes, fixed mobile convergenceproducts, home networking adapters and Internet access gateways thatenable customers to access a service provider's services and distributethem in a residence, enterprise, office, or like infrastructure. Inimplementations, the CPEs 1500, 1600, and 1700 may be equipment locatedat a customer's premises and connected with a service provider's networkand/or telecommunication equipment, including for example, CMTS 1410,1420, 1430, respectively. In implementations, one or more of the CPEs1500, 1600, and 1700 can be provisioned with MAP-T rules. The 1500,1600, and 1700 can be referred to as customer edge (CE) devices.

The OSS server 1800 or network management server can be used by aservice provider to monitor, control, analyze and manage a serviceprovider network and to support management functions such as networkinventory, service provisioning, network configuration, and faultmanagement. The OSS server 1800 can initiate or configure the OAM server1900 to perform or execute diagnostics on the border relays 1200. TheOSS server 1800 can configure or initiate configuration of one or moreborder relays 1200, one or more CMTS 1400, one or more CPE 1500, 1600,and 1700, other network devices, or combinations thereof in response todiagnostic results received from the OAM server 1900.

The OAM server 1900 can be provisioned with MAP-T rules including, butnot limited to, diagnostic MAP-T rules where the OAM server 1900 isdesignated as the source and destination entities. The OAM server 1900can generate diagnostic packets based on the diagnostic MAP-T rules. Thesource and destination fields of the diagnostic packets are configuredwith a medium access control (MAC) address or IP address of the OAMserver 1900. The OAM server 1900 can send diagnostic packets to networkdevices provisioned with MAP-T to verify MAP-T data place functionalityincluding translation functionality.

As noted, MAP-T is an IPv6 transition technology that allows IPv4addresses to be translated into IPv6 (and vice versa) without the needfor stateful translation on the service provider network. This enablesservice providers the ability to leverage IPv6 only networks to co-existwith IPv4-only devices on the service provider's network in a mannerthat has minimal impact on the user experience. MAP-T uses a statelessIP/ICMP translation algorithm (SIIT) to convert IPv4 headers into IPv6headers and follows stateless translation rules as defined in RFC 6145,for example.

MAP-T offers distinct advantages over other co-existence technologies,such as NAT444/NAT44 or Dual-Stack Lite. The primary advantage is thattranslation at border relays is accomplished through stateless mappingsbetween the IPv4 address and the IPv6 prefix. A difference between theMAP methodology and traditional translation technologies, such as NAT44,is that MAP-T assigns a port range to the CPEs that share the samepublic IPv4 address. This allows the address and port range combinationthat is translated in the IPv6 header to be represented uniquely. Inthis way, IPv6 aggregation logic can be used to direct packets in astateless fashion, rather than a relying upon per-subscriber orper-connection criteria to determine state. MAP-T provides additionaladvantages by providing a more flexible topology for the MAP domain.Because traffic to and from the customer premise can be forwarded inIPv6 natively, traffic classification and routing optimization policiesconfigured for the IPv6-only network can be easily enforced.

A MAP-T domain can be defined as one or more border relay nodes thatserve within an administrative boundary which may coincide with ageographical, regional or subscriber base of CMTS and/or CPE devices.CPE devices with MAP-T capabilities translate the IPv4 traffic thategresses the subscriber home network. Using defined and provisionedmapping rules, the border relay forwards this traffic to the IPv4internet. Public IPv4 traffic destined for the customer network istranslated in the same way at the border relay and is again converted toIPv4 at the ingress path of the CPE.

MAP domains are defined through a set of parameters that are sharedbetween the border relay and the set of CMTS or CPE devices assigned tothe domain. These parameters are configured on the border relay. For CPEdevices, configurations may be established statically, via a downloadedconfiguration file, or through open encodings conveyed via DHCP. Allnodes in the MAP-T domain share the following set of common parameters:IPv4 Prefix, IPv6 Prefix, default mapping rule (DMR) Prefix, embeddedaddress (EA) Length, port set ID (PSID) Offset, and PSID Length. TheIPv4 Prefix is a global IPv4 prefix which is the MAP source address fortraffic towards the Internet. The IPv6 Prefix is the CPE IPv6 spacewhich is used as the IPv6 space between the CPE and border relay. TheDMR Prefix is the default mapping rule for translating all outside IPv4source addresses to the IPv6 MAP-T domain. The EA Length is a set ofbits representing the mapping of IPv4 addresses and optionally thelayer-4 ports for a given mapping rule. The PSID Offset provides themeans to define the lowest port number that is assignable by a givenmapping rule. This attribute also determines the number of sequentialports supported by any defined port set. The PSID Length is the numberof MAP bits in an IPv4 MAP port. This defines the sharing ratio of agiven MAP rule. This can also be determined by taking the EA length andsubtracting the amount of host bits in the IPv4 rule prefix.

IPv4 to IPv6 packet conversion follow a general set of rules or actions.The IPv4 addresses will be converted into IPv6 based on the MAPalgorithm. The source IPv4 addresses will use RFC6052 encoding to embedthe source IPv4 address within the DMR prefix. The destination IPv4 willbe subject to a lookup against the MAP IPv4 prefixes to find the mappedIPv6 prefix associated with the IPv4 destination address. It will beembedded as described in RFC 7599, and the PSID bits will be placed as asuffix to the embedded address. The Version, Internet Header Length, andInternet Header checksum fields are ignored for the sake of conversion.The version will become IPv6 by default, while the Internet headerchecksum and Internet Header Length will be discarded because there isnot a related IPv6 field. For the IPv4 Type of Service bits, these canbe directly mapped to the IPv6 traffic class, if the network is usingpost-RFC 2474 DSCP mappings of these bits, rather than older Type ofService mappings. This allows for quality of service (QoS) treatment tobe similar on both the IPv4 and IPv6 sides of translation. The IPv4total length is used to fill the IPv6 payload length field aftersubtraction of the IPv4 header and any included IPv4 options. The IPv4protocol and time-to-live (TTL) fields are directly copied to the IPv6next header and hop limit fields. The IP Identification field, the Don'tFragment Field, the More Fragments field, and the Fragment offset fieldsare left blank for translations that don't require fragmentation. Iffragmentation or forwarding of a fragment stream is required, then theMAP-T rules for fragmenting and forwarding fragments are followed.Packets with IP options are either discarded or stripped of their IPoptions before translation.

Similarly, IPv6 to IPv4 packet conversion follow a general set of rulesor actions. For IPv6 to IPv4 packets, the embedded IPv4 addressinformation and Embedded Address bits always exists in the IPv6 packet.For the destination IPv6 side, this is de-embedding the IPv4 destinationembedded in the IPv6 destination address. For the source IPv4 addressand source IPv4 port, this can be drawn directly from the packet.Anti-spoofing needs to be performed to ensure the embedded IPv4 addressis the correctly mapped IPv4 prefix to the source IPv6 prefix. Thesource port needs to be compared against the EA bits to ensure they arecorrect. This means anti-spoofing is applied for MAP packets. The IPv6flow label will be discarded, as there is not a relevant IPv4 headerfield. The IPv4 version field will always be set to IPv4, and theInternet Header Length will always be 5, as IP options will not beincluded. IPv6 Next Header and IPv6 Hop Limit will be directlytranslated to IPv4 Protocol and TTL, respectively. IPv6 Traffic Classcan be directly translated to IPv4 Type of Service, assuming both sidesare using Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) markings. The IPv4Total Length Field will be set to IPv6 Payload Length+20 bytes for theIPv4 header.

Operationally, with reference to FIG. 1 , based on provisioned MAP-Trules for normal or non-diagnostic operation on the CPEs and the borderrelays, an IPv6 packet from a CPE, e.g., CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N)1500, CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 1600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R)1700 is sent to an appropriate CMTS, e.g., CMTS₁ 1410, CMTS₂ 1420, andCMTS₃ 1430. The appropriate CMTS sends the IPv6 packet to a borderrelay, e.g., border relay₁ 1210 and border relay₂ 1220. The border relayperforms an IPv6 to IPv4 translation in accordance with the provisionedMAP-T rules and sends the translate IPv6-IPv4 packet to the IPv4 basednetwork 1100. In implementations, an IPv4 to IPv6 translation can bedone at the CPE if the CPE receives an IPv4 packet. In implementations,the IPv4 based network 1100 can be the source entity and the CPE can bethe destination entity.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example flow diagram 2000 of MAP-T data planeverification for the network of FIG. 1 in accordance with embodiments ofthis disclosure. The MAP-T data plane verification flow diagram 2000describes communications and events with respect to an OSS server 2100,an OAM server 2200, and a border relay 2300. The flow diagram 2000 andthe components therein may include other elements which may be desirableor necessary to implement the devices, systems, compositions and methodsdescribed herein. However, because such elements and steps are wellknown in the art, and because they do not facilitate a betterunderstanding of the disclosed embodiments, a discussion of suchelements and steps may not be provided herein. The description is alsoapplicable to FIG. 1 as appropriate.

The OSS server 2100 can instruct the OAM server 2200 to perform MAP-Tdata plane diagnostics (2400). In implementations, the OSS server 2100can send instructions as needed, on demand, based on events, configure aperiodic schedule, or combinations thereof. The OAM server 2200 cangenerate a diagnostic packet in accordance with provisioned MAP-Tdiagnostic rules (2410). The diagnostic packet can include a MAC addressor IP address of the OAM server 2200 as a source entity and adestination entity. In implementations, the diagnostic packet can be anIPv4 packet. In implementations, the diagnostic packet can be an IPv6packet. The OAM server 2200 can send the diagnostic packet to the borderrelay 2300 (2420). In implementations, multiple border relays areassociated with a CPE or CMTS. Each border relay of the multiple borderrelays is tested on an individual basis as shown in FIG. 1 . The borderrelay 2300 can perform MAP-T in accordance with provisioned MAP-T rulesfor normal operation (2430). The border relay 2300 can send thetranslated diagnostic packet to the OAM server 2200 (which is thedesignated destination entity) (2440). The OAM server 2200 can analyzethe translated packet for correct translation, latency, and other packetcharacteristics and generate a report (2450). The OAM server 2200 cansend a report to the OSS server 2100 (2460). The OSS server 2100 canexecute an action on or configure one or more network devices includingthe border relay 2300 based on issues noted in the report (2470).

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example network 3000 in accordance with someembodiments of this disclosure. The network 3000 includes a network3100, border relays 3200 including at least border relay₁ 3210, offloadborder relay₁ 3215, border relay₂ 3220 and offload border relay₂ 3225,network 3300, CMTS 3400 including at least CMTS₁ 3410, CMTS₂ 3420, andCMTS₃ 3430, CPE including CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N) 3500, CPE₁, CPE₂,. . . , CPE_(P) 3600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R) 3700, OSS server3800, and OAM server 3900. The network 3100, the border relays 3200, thenetwork 3300, the 3400, the CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N) 3500, the CPE₁,CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 3600, the CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R) 3700, theOSS server 3800, and the OAM server 3900 can be connected to each other,as appropriate and applicable, using wired and wireless techniques,systems, and devices, including but not limited to, hybrid coaxialfiber, coaxial fiber, the Internet, an intranet, a low power WAN(LPWAN), LANs, WANs, a public network, a private network, a cellularnetwork, a WiFi-based network, a telephone network, a landline network,a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a wireless network, a wirednetwork, a private branch exchange (PBX), an Integrated Services DigitalNetwork (ISDN), a IP Multimedia Services (IMS) network, a Voice overInternet Protocol (VoIP) network, and the like including anycombinations thereof. The network 3000 and the components therein mayinclude other elements which may be desirable or necessary to implementthe devices, systems, compositions and methods described herein.However, because such elements and steps are well known in the art, andbecause they do not facilitate a better understanding of the disclosedembodiments, a discussion of such elements and steps may not be providedherein.

The network 3100 can be, but is not limited to, hybrid coaxial fiber,coaxial fiber, the Internet, an intranet, a low power WAN (LPWAN), LANs,WANs, a public network, a private network, a cellular network, aWiFi-based network, a telephone network, a landline network, a publicswitched telephone network (PSTN), a wireless network, a wired network,a private branch exchange (PBX), an Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN), a IP Multimedia Services (IMS) network, a Voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP) network, and the like including any combinationsthereof. In implementations, the network 3100 can be an IPv4 basednetwork. In implementations, the network 3100 can be a combination of anIPv4 based network and an IPv6 based network, where packets coming outof the network 3100 and entering the network 3100 are IPv4 packets.

The border relays 3200 including at least the border relay₁ 3210, theoffload border relay₁ 3215, the border relay₂ 3220 and the offloadborder relay₂ 3225 can be provisioned with MAP-T rules to translate andtransfer packets from an IPv4 domain to an IPv6 domain and from the IPv6domain to the IPv4 domain. The border relay₁ 3210 and the border relay₂3220 can be hardware relays or circuits configured as a MAP-Taccelerator to process packets of a first type. The offload borderrelay₁ 3215 and the offload border relay₂ 3225 can be softwareimplemented on a computing devices, servers, or the like to processpackets of a second type. The border relay₁ 3210 and the border relay₂3220 can differentiate between the two types and route packetsaccordingly. In implementations, the second type of packets can requirefurther or exceptional processing. In implementations, the second typeof packets include packets which are not transmission control protocol(TCP) packets, are not user datagram protocol (UDP) packets, requirefragmentation, require forwarding of fragments, have IP options, orcombinations thereof. In implementations, the border relay₁ 3210, theoffload border relay₁ 3215, the border relay₂ 3220 and the offloadborder relay₂ 3225 can be implemented as described in co-pending U.S.application entitled “APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MAP-T OFFLOAD BORDERRELAY”, filed concurrently, which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety. Although the description herein uses border relays, the scopeof the specification and claims are applicable to network devicesprovisioned with MAP-T including, but not limited to, border relays,border routers, and like devices.

The network 3300 can be, but is not limited to, hybrid coaxial fiber,coaxial fiber, the Internet, an intranet, a low power WAN (LPWAN), LANs,WANs, a public network, a private network, a cellular network, aWiFi-based network, a telephone network, a landline network, a publicswitched telephone network (PSTN), a wireless network, a wired network,a private branch exchange (PBX), an Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN), a IP Multimedia Services (IMS) network, a Voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP) network, and the like including any combinationsthereof. The network 3300 can be an IPv4 based network, IPv6 basednetwork, other networks, or combinations thereof.

The CMTS 3410, 3430, and 3430 are typically located in a serviceprovider's central office, headend, or hubsite and provides high speeddata services, such as cable Internet or Voice over Internet Protocol,to service provider subscribers.

The CPEs 3500, 3600, and 3700, can be, but are not limited to, routers,network switches, gateways, set-top boxes, fixed mobile convergenceproducts, home networking adapters and Internet access gateways thatenable customers to access a service provider's services and distributethem in a residence, enterprise, office, or like infrastructure. Inimplementations, the CPEs 3500, 3600, and 3700 may be equipment locatedat a customer's premises and connected with a service provider's networkand/or telecommunication equipment, including for example, CMTS 3410,3420, 3430, respectively. In implementations, one or more of the CPEs3500, 3600, and 3700 can be provisioned with MAP-T rules. The 3500,3600, and 3700 can be referred to as CE devices.

The OSS server 3800 or network management server can be used by aservice provider to monitor, control, analyze and manage a serviceprovider network and to support management functions such as networkinventory, service provisioning, network configuration, and faultmanagement. The OSS server 3800 can initiate or configure the OAM server3900 to perform or execute diagnostics on the border relays 1200. TheOSS server 3800 can configure or initiate configuration of one or moreborder relays 3200, one or more CMTS 3400, one or more CPE 3500, 3600,and 3700, other network devices, or combinations thereof in response todiagnostic results received from the OAM server 3900.

The OAM server 3900 can be provisioned with MAP-T rules including, butnot limited to, diagnostic MAP-T rules where the OAM server 3900 isdesignated as the source and destination entities. The OAM server 3900can generate diagnostic packets based on the diagnostic MAP-T rules. Thesource and destination fields of the diagnostic packets are configuredwith a medium access control (MAC) address or IP address of the OAMserver 3900. The OAM server 3900 can send diagnostic packets to networkdevices provisioned with MAP-T to verify MAP-T data place functionalityincluding translation functionality. In implementations, the OAM server3900 can configure the diagnostic packets by as non-TCP packets, non-UDPpackets, packets requiring fragmentation, packets with multiplefragments, packets with IP options, or combinations thereof to testfirst type and second type packet processing.

The general MAP-T description provided herein with respect to FIG. 1 isapplicable to FIG. 3 .

Operationally, with reference to FIG. 3 , based on provisioned MAP-Trules for normal or non-diagnostic operation on the CPEs and borderrelays, an IPv6 packet from a CPE, e.g., CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N)3500, CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 3600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R)3700 is sent to an appropriate CMTS, e.g., CMTS₁ 3410, CMTS₂ 3420, andCMTS₃ 3430. The appropriate CMTS sends the IPv6 packet to a borderrelay, e.g., border relay₁ 1210 and border relay₂ 1220. The border relayperforms an IPv6 to IPv4 translation in accordance with the provisionedMAP-T rules and sends the translate IPv6-IPv4 packet to the IPv4 basednetwork 3100 if the packet is a first type of packet. The border relaysends the packet to the offload border relay, e.g., the offload borderrelay₁ 3215 or the offload border relay₂ 3225, if the packet is a secondtype of packet. The offload border relay performs an IPv6 to IPv4translation in accordance with the provisioned MAP-T rules and sends thetranslated IPv6-IPv4 packet to the border relay, which in turn sends thetranslated IPv6-IPv4 packet to the IPv4 based network 3100. Inimplementations, an IPv4 to IPv6 translation can be done at the CPE ifthe CPE receives an IPv4 packet. In implementations, the IPv4 basednetwork 3100 can be the source entity and the CPE can be the destinationentity.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example flow diagram 4000 of MAP-T data planeverification for the network of FIG. 3 in accordance with embodiments ofthis disclosure. The MAP-T data plane verification flow diagram 4000describes communications and events with respect to an OSS server 4100,an OAM server 4200, a border relay 4300, and an offload border relay4400. The flow diagram 4000 and the components therein may include otherelements which may be desirable or necessary to implement the devices,systems, compositions and methods described herein. However, becausesuch elements and steps are well known in the art, and because they donot facilitate a better understanding of the disclosed embodiments, adiscussion of such elements and steps may not be provided herein. Thedescription is also applicable to FIG. 3 as appropriate.

The OSS server 4100 can instruct the OAM server 4200 to perform MAP-Tdata plane diagnostics (4500). In implementations, the OSS server 4100can send instructions as needed, on demand, based on events, configure aperiodic schedule, or combinations thereof. The OAM server 4200 cangenerate a diagnostic packet in accordance with provisioned MAP-Tdiagnostic rules (4510). In implementations, the diagnostic packet canbe one of a first packet type or a second packet type. The diagnosticpacket can include a MAC address or IP address of the OAM server 4200 asa source entity and a destination entity. In implementations, thediagnostic packet can be an IPv4 packet. In implementations, thediagnostic packet can be an IPv6 packet. The OAM server 4200 can sendthe diagnostic packet to the border relay 4300 (4520). Inimplementations, multiple border relays are associated with a CPE orCMTS. Each border relay of the multiple border relays is tested on anindividual basis as shown in FIG. 3 . The border relay 4300 can performMAP-T in accordance with provisioned MAP-T rules for normal operation ifit is a first type packet (4530). The border relay 4300 can send thetranslated diagnostic packet to the OAM server 4200 (which is thedesignated destination entity) (4540). The border relay 4300 can sendthe diagnostic packet to the offload border relay 4400 if it is a secondtype packet (4550). The offload border relay 4400 can perform MAP-T inaccordance with provisioned MAP-T rules for normal operation if it is asecond type packet (4560). The offload border relay 4400 can send thetranslated diagnostic packet to the border relay (4570), which in turncan send the translated diagnostic packet to the OAM server 4200 (4580).The OAM server 4200 can analyze the translated diagnostic packet forcorrect translation, latency, and other packet characteristics andgenerate a report (4590). The OAM server 4200 can send a report to theOSS server 2100 (4600). The OSS server 2100 can execute an action on orconfigure one or more network devices including the border relay 2300based on issues noted in the report (4610).

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example of a device 5000 in accordancewith embodiments of this disclosure. The device 5000 may include, but isnot limited to, a processor 5100, a memory/storage 5200, a communicationinterface 5300, and applications 5400. The device 5000 may include orimplement, for example, the border relays 1200 including at least borderrelay₁ 1210 and border relay₂ 1220, the CMTS 1400 including at leastCMTS₁ 1410, CMTS₂ 1420, and CMTS₃ 1430, the CPE including CPE₁, CPE₂, .. . , CPE_(N) 1500, CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 1600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, .. . , CPE_(R) 1700, the OSS server 1800, the OAM server 1900, the OSSserver 2100, the OAM server 2200, the border relay 2300, the borderrelays 3200 including at least border relay₁ 3210, offload border relay₁3215, border relay₂ 3220 and offload border relay₂ 3225, the CMTS 3400including at least CMTS₁ 3410, CMTS₂ 3420, and CMTS₃ 3430, the CPEincluding CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N) 3500, CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P)3600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R) 3700, the OSS server 3800, the OAMserver 3900, the OSS server 4100, the OAM server 4200, the border relay4300, and the offload border relay 4400. The applications can be, butnot limited to, the software on the offload border relays and the like.In an implementation, appropriate memory/storage 5200 may store MAP-Trules, diagnostic MAP-T rules, reports, and the like. In animplementation, appropriate memory/storage 3200 is encoded withinstructions for at least controlling and managing the MAP-T data planediagnostic methods and techniques described herein. The MAP-T data planediagnostic techniques or methods described herein may be stored inappropriate memory/storage 5200 and executed by the appropriateprocessor 5100 in cooperation with the memory/storage 5200, thecommunications interface 5300, and applications 5400, as appropriate.The device 5000 may include other elements which may be desirable ornecessary to implement the devices, systems, compositions and methodsdescribed herein. However, because such elements and steps are wellknown in the art, and because they do not facilitate a betterunderstanding of the disclosed embodiments, a discussion of suchelements and steps may not be provided herein.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an example method 6000 for MAP-T data planediagnostics in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. Themethod 6000 includes: initiating 6100 a MAP-T data plane diagnostic fora network device provisioned with MAP-T; generating 6200 a diagnosticpacket; sending 6300 the diagnostic packet to the network deviceprovisioned with MAP-T; performing 6400 a diagnostic packet translationby the network device provisioned with MAP-T; analyzing 6500 a receivedtranslated diagnostic packet to generate a report; and configuring 6600at least one device based on a received report. For example, the method6000 may be implemented, as applicable and appropriate, by the borderrelays 1200 including at least border relay₁ 1210 and border relay₂1220, the CMTS 1400 including at least CMTS₁ 1410, CMTS₂ 1420, and CMTS₃1430, the CPE including CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N) 1500, CPE₁, CPE₂, .. . , CPE_(P) 1600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R) 1700, the OSS server1800, the OAM server 1900, the OSS server 2100, the OAM server 2200, theborder relay 2300, the border relays 3200 including at least borderrelay₁ 3210, offload border relay₁ 3215, border relay₂ 3220 and offloadborder relay₂ 3225, the CMTS 3400 including at least CMTS₁ 3410, CMTS₂3420, and CMTS₃ 3430, the CPE including CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(N)3500, CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(P) 3600, and CPE₁, CPE₂, . . . , CPE_(R)3700, the OSS server 3800, the OAM server 3900, the OSS server 4100, theOAM server 4200, the border relay 4300, and the offload border relay4400, the processor 5100, the memory/storage 5200, the communicationinterface 5300, and the applications 5400.

The method 6000 includes initiating 6100 a MAP-T data plane diagnosticfor a network device provisioned with MAP-T. A management system servercan instruct a diagnostic server to initiate a MAP-T data planediagnostic. The diagnostics can be event driven, on demand, ad hoc, oron a periodic basis. The network device provisioned with MAP-T can be aborder relay, a border router, or the like.

The method 6000 includes generating 6200 a diagnostic packet. Thediagnostic server can be provisioned with MAP-T data plane diagnosticrules by the management system server or other service provider system.The MAP-T data plane diagnostic rules include setting a source anddestination address field to a MAC address or IP address of thediagnostic server. In implementations, the MAP-T data plane diagnosticrules can set a communications protocol field. In implementations, theMAP-T data plane diagnostic rules can set fields requiring afragmentation. In implementations, the MAP-T data plane diagnostic rulescan set fields to indicate multiple fragments need to be forwarded. Inimplementations, the MAP-T data plane diagnostic rules can set an IPoptions field. In implementations, the MAP-T data plane diagnostic rulescan generate a first type diagnostic packet or a second type diagnosticpacket. The diagnostic packet can be configured to test MAP-Ttranslation in either direction, IPv4 to IPv6 or IPv6 to IPv4.

The method 6000 includes sending 6300 the diagnostic packet to thenetwork device provisioned with MAP-T. The diagnostic server can senddiagnostic packets to each network device provisioned with MAP-T.

The method 6000 includes performing 6400 a diagnostic packet translationby the network device provisioned with MAP-T. In implementations, thenetwork device provisioned with MAP-T can perform a translation perprovisioned MAP-T rules. In implementations, the network deviceprovisioned with MAP-T can include a hardware accelerator and a softwarecomponent. The network device provisioned with MAP-T can determine thetype of diagnostic packet. The hardware accelerator can perform thetranslation per provisioned MAP-T rules for a first packet type and thesoftware component can perform the translation per provisioned MAP-Trules for a second packet type.

The method 6000 includes analyzing 6500 a received translated diagnosticpacket to generate a report. The network device provisioned with MAP-Tcan send the translated diagnostic packet to the network deviceprovisioned with MAP-T. Per the MAP-T diagnostic rules, the diagnosticserver can act as both the IPv4 Internet source/destination and as theCPE/CMTS destination/source. The diagnostic server analyzes thetranslated diagnostic packet with respect to translation accuracy byexamining multiple fields in the packet, latency, and other packetcharacteristics. The diagnostic server generates a report based on theanalysis and sends the report to the management server.

The method 6000 includes configuring 6600 at least one device based on areceived report. In implementations, the management system server cansend configuration data to devices including the network deviceprovisioned with MAP-T, the CMTS, the CPE, network devices, and the likewhen issues are present in the report. In implementations, themanagement system server can send configuration data to devicesincluding the network device provisioned with MAP-T, the CMTS, the CPE,network devices, and the like to improve or enhance performance based ondata in the report.

In general, a method for performing a MAP-T data plane verificationincludes initiating, by a diagnostic server provisioned with at leastMAP-T diagnostic rules, a MAP-T diagnostic on a border relay provisionedwith MAP-T rules, generating, by the diagnostic server, a diagnosticpacket per the MAP-T diagnostic rules, sending, by the diagnosticserver, the diagnostic packet to the border relay, performing, by theborder relay, a translation on the diagnostic packet per the provisionedMAP-T rules, analyzing, by the diagnostic server to generate a report,at least a translation accuracy of a received translated diagnosticpacket, and configuring at least one device based on a received report.In implementations, the generating further including setting, by thediagnostic server, a source address and a destination address to anaddress of the diagnostic server. In implementations, the diagnosticpacket is one of an Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or an InternetProtocol Version 6 (IPv6) format. In implementations, the generatingfurther includes setting, by the diagnostic server, at least one definedfield to differentiate between a first type diagnostic packet and asecond type diagnostic packet. In implementations, the performingfurther includes determining, by the border relay, whether thediagnostic packet is the first type diagnostic packet or the second typediagnostic packet. In implementations, the performing further includingperforming, by the border relay, a translation on the diagnostic packetper the provisioned MAP-T rules via a first path when the diagnosticpacket is the first type diagnostic packet. In implementations, theperforming further including performing, by the border relay, atranslation on the diagnostic packet per the provisioned MAP-T rules viaa second path when the diagnostic packet is the second type diagnosticpacket. In implementations, the at least one defined field is at leastone of a communication protocol field, one or more fields indicative offragmentation, one or more fields indicative of multiple fragments, oran Internet Protocol (IP) options field.

In general, a system including a network device provisioned with atleast MAP-T rules, the network device configured to translate a testingpacket using the provisioned MAP-T rules, a management server configuredto send configuration data to at least one device based on a testingpacket report, a diagnostic server in contact with the network deviceand the management server, the diagnostic server provisioned with atleast MAP-T diagnostic rules, wherein the diagnostic server isconfigured to receive a MAP-T diagnostic request from the managementserver, form the testing packet per the MAP-T diagnostic rules, transmitthe testing packet to the network device, and produce the testing packetreport based on analyzed characteristics of a translated testing packetreceived from the network device. In implementations, the testing packetis one of an Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or an Internet ProtocolVersion 6 (IPv6) format. In implementations, the diagnostic server isconfigured to populate a source field and a destination field with anInternet Protocol (IP) address of the diagnostic server. Inimplementations, the diagnostic server is configured to populate one ormore defined fields to establish one of a first testing packet type anda second testing packet type. In implementations, the network device isconfigured to resolve the testing packet as the first testing packettype or the second testing packet type, translate the testing packetusing the provisioned MAP-T rules using a hardware component when thetesting packet is the first testing packet type, and translate thetesting packet using the provisioned MAP-T rules using a softwarecomponent when the testing packet is the second testing packet type. Inimplementations, the at least one defined field is at least one of acommunication protocol field, at least one field indicative offragmentation, at least one field indicative of multiple fragments, oran Internet Protocol (IP) options field.

In general, a method for performing a Mapping of Address and Port usingtranslation (MAP-T) data plane validation, the method includingprovisioning a network component with MAP-T testing rules, assembling avalidation packet based on the MAP-T testing rules, sending thevalidation packet to a border router, translating the validation packetper provisioned MAP-T rules, transmitting the translated validationpacket, compiling a report with characteristics and translation accuracyof the translated validation packet, and configuring at least one devicebased on a received report. In implementations, the assembling furtherincluding setting source and destination parameters to a common address,and setting an Internet Protocol (IP) format of the validation packet.In implementations, the assembling further including setting at leastone parameter to form a packet type for the validation packet. Inimplementations, the translating further including checking the packettype of the validation packet, translating the validation packet per theprovisioned MAP-T rules via an acceleration path when the validationpacket is a first packet type, and translating the validation packet perthe provisioned MAP-T rules via a non-acceleration path when thevalidation packet is a second packet type. In implementations, the atleast one parameter is at least one of a communication protocolparameter, fragmentation parameter, multiple fragments parameter, or anInternet Protocol (IP) options parameter. In implementations, the IPformat is one of an Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) or an InternetProtocol Version 6 (IPv6).

Although some embodiments herein refer to methods, it will beappreciated by one skilled in the art that they may also be embodied asa system or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of thepresent invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment,an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software,micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardwareaspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “processor,”“device,” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention maytake the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more thecomputer readable mediums having the computer readable program codeembodied thereon. Any combination of one or more computer readablemediums may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computerreadable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computerreadable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, anelectronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, orsemiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combinationof the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of thecomputer-readable storage medium include the following: an electricalconnection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, ahard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), anerasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), anoptical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), anoptical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitablecombination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, acomputer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that cancontain, or store a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signalwith computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, inbaseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may takeany of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to,electromagnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. Acomputer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium thatis not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate,propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmittedusing any appropriate medium, including but not limited to CDs, DVDs,wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitablecombination of the foregoing.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thepresent invention may be written in any combination of one or moreprogramming languages, including an object oriented programming languagesuch as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional proceduralprogramming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similarprogramming languages. The program code may execute entirely on theuser's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alonesoftware packet, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remotecomputer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latterscenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computerthrough any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an externalcomputer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet ServiceProvider).

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer program instructions.

These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of ageneral purpose computer, special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer orother programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also bestored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, otherprogrammable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function ina particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computerreadable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructionswhich implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer,other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus or other devices to produce a computerimplemented process such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer or other programmable apparatus provide processes forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures.

While the disclosure has been described in connection with certainembodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to belimited to the disclosed embodiments but, on the contrary, is intendedto cover various modifications, combinations, and equivalentarrangements included within the scope of the appended claims, whichscope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompassall such modifications and equivalent structures as is permitted underthe law.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for performing a Mapping of Address andPort using translation (MAP-T) data plane verification, the methodcomprising: sending, by a diagnostic server to a border relayprovisioned with MAP-T rules, a diagnostic packet per MAP-T diagnosticrules provisioned on the diagnostic server, wherein the diagnosticpacket is configured to test different components in the border relay;analyzing, by the diagnostic server to generate a report, at least alatency of a received MAP-T translated diagnostic packet from the borderrelay; and configuring at least one device based on a received report.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing further comprising:analyzing at least a packet loss of a received MAP-T translateddiagnostic packet from the border relay.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the generating further comprising: setting, by the diagnosticserver, a source address and a destination address in the diagnosticpacket to an address of the diagnostic server.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the diagnostic packet is one of an Internet Protocol Version 4(IPv4) or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) format.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the generating further comprising: setting, by thediagnostic server, at least one defined field to differentiate between afirst type diagnostic packet and a second type diagnostic packet.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the first type diagnostic packet isassociated with translation by the border relay via a first path.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the second type diagnostic packet isassociated with translation by the border relay via a second path. 8.The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one defined field is atleast one of a communication protocol field, one or more fieldsindicative of fragmentation, one or more fields indicative of multiplefragments, or an Internet Protocol (IP) options field.
 9. A systemcomprising: a network device provisioned with at least Mapping ofAddress and Port using translation (MAP-T) rules, the network deviceconfigured to translate a testing packet using the provisioned MAP-Trules; a management server configured to send configuration data to atleast one device based on a testing packet report; a diagnostic serverin contact with the network device and the management server, thediagnostic server provisioned with at least MAP-T diagnostic rules,wherein the diagnostic server is configured to: transmit the testingpacket to the network device, wherein the testing packet is formed perthe MAP-T diagnostic rules and is configured to test differentcomponents in the network device; and produce the testing packet reportbased on analyzed characteristics of a translated testing packetreceived from the network device, the analyzed characteristics includingat least packet loss.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the analyzedcharacteristics includes at least latency.
 11. The system of claim 9,wherein the testing packet is one of an Internet Protocol Version 4(IPv4) or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) format.
 12. The systemof claim 9, wherein the diagnostic server is further configured topopulate a source field and a destination field with an InternetProtocol (IP) address of the diagnostic server.
 13. The system of claim9, wherein the diagnostic server is further configured to populate oneor more defined fields to establish one of a first testing packet typeand a second testing packet type.
 14. The system of claim 13, whereinthe first testing packet type is associated with hardware basedtranslation by the network device.
 15. The system of claim 14, whereinthe second testing packet type is associated with software basedtranslation by the network device.
 16. The system of claim 13, whereinthe one or more defined fields is at least one of a communicationprotocol field, one or more fields indicative of fragmentation, one ormore fields indicative of multiple fragments, or an Internet Protocol(IP) options field.
 17. A method for performing a Mapping of Address andPort using translation (MAP-T) data plane validation, the methodcomprising: sending a validation packet based on MAP-T testing rules toa border router, wherein the validation packet is formed based on theMAP-T testing rules and configured to test different components in aborder router; compiling a report with at least one of latency andpacket loss characteristics of a MAP-T rules translated validationpacket received from the border router; and configuring at least onedevice based on a received report.
 18. The method of claim 17, whereinthe report is compiled with both the latency and the packet losscharacteristics.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the sending furthercomprising: setting at least one parameter to form a packet type for thevalidation packet.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the at least oneparameter differentiates between the border router translating thevalidation packet via an acceleration path and a non-acceleration path.